Main Applications

Quantum Optics and Single-Photon Sources

Representative crystals: PPKTP, BBO, BiBO, KTP, LiNbO₃

Typical uses: SPDC entangled photon pairs, squeezed light, heralded single-photon sources, quantum key distribution, quantum frequency conversion, quantum repeaters.

High-Power / High-Energy Laser Gain and Amplification

Representative crystals: Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG, Ho:YAG, Tm:YAG, Er:YAG, CTH:YAG, Sm:YAG, Nd:YVO₄, Nd:GdVO₄, Nd:YLF, Ho:YLF, Tm:YLF, Pr:YLF, Ti:Sapphire, Yb:KGW, Yb:KYW

Typical uses: Industrial cutting/welding/marking, laser fusion drivers, petawatt-class CPA/OPCPA, thin-disk lasers, microchip lasers, high-repetition-rate Q-switched lasers.

Nonlinear Frequency Conversion (SHG/THG/OPO/OPA/DFG/SFG)

Representative crystals: BBO, LBO, KTP, BiBO, KTA, RTP, KDP, DKDP, LiNbO₃, MgO:LN, LiTaO₃, YCOB, AgGaS₂, AgGaSe₂, KGW, KYW, PPKTP

Typical uses: Second/third/fourth harmonic generation of Nd, Yb … doped lasers, CO₂ laser frequency doubling, tunable mid-IR OPO, OPCPA pumping, terahertz generation, deep-UV harmonic generation.

Electro-Optic Modulation and Q-Switching

Representative crystals: RTP, BBO, DKDP, LiNbO₃, LiTaO₃, KTP, KDP, MgO:LiNbO₃

Typical uses: Electro-optic Q-switches, Pockels cells, phase/intensity modulators, pulse pickers, high-frequency modulation (up to 1 MHz).

Passive Q-Switching and Saturable Absorption

Representative crystals: Cr⁴⁺:YAG, V:YAG, Co:Spinel

Typical uses: Passive Q-switching of Nd:YAG/Nd:YVO₄, microchip lasers, 1.3-1.6 μm passive Q-switching, dual-wavelength synchronized Q-switching.

Infrared Windows, Domes, and Thermal Imaging

Representative crystals: Si, MgF₂ ceramic, MgF₂ single crystal, CaF₂, BaF₂, sapphire, YAG, LiF

Typical uses: Thermal imager windows, FTIR spectroscopy windows, hypersonic vehicle windows, laser rangefinder windows.

Deep UV / Vacuum UV Optics

Representative crystals: LiF, MgF₂, CaF₂, BaF₂, Sapphire, SiO₂ (quartz), α-BBO, LB4

Typical uses: 193 nm/157 nm lithography, ArF/KrF excimer laser windows, synchrotron beamlines, VUV spectroscopy.

Polarization Control and Beam Displacement

Representative crystals: YVO₄, α-BBO, LB4, Calcite, Quartz, MgF₂, LiNbO₃

Typical uses: Glan polarizers, beam displacers, waveplates, phase retarders, optical isolators, circulators, polarizing beam splitters.

Laser Lighting and Displays

Representative crystals: Ce:YAG, Pr:YLF, Sm:YAG

Typical uses: Laser white lighting, automotive headlights, projection displays, visible lasers, LED phosphors.

Acousto-Optic, Raman, and Terahertz Devices

Representative crystals: TeO₂, KGW, KYW, LiNbO₃, KTP, RTP, YCOB, BBO

Typical uses: Acousto-optic modulators/deflectors/tunable filters, Raman lasers, terahertz generation and detection, laser scanning and imaging.